Le procureur spécial Jack Smith a clos ses enquêtes fédérales contre Donald Trump concernant l’assaut du Capitole du 6 janvier 2021 et la conservation de documents classifiés, affirmant que les preuves suffisaient pour une condamnation sans l’élection de novembre 2024. Selon son rapport final publié en janvier 2025, cette victoire rend les poursuites impossibles en raison des règles du ministère de la Justice interdisant de poursuivre un président en exercice. La juge Tanya Chutkan a approuvé l’abandon des charges liées à l’ingérence électorale.
Jack Smith, procureur spécial chargé des enquêtes sur Donald Trump, a recommandé l’arrêt des poursuites pénales fédérales contre l’ancien président pour son rôle présumé dans l’assaut du Capitole le 6 janvier 2021 à Washington, ainsi que pour d’autres affaires, suite à la réélection de Donald Trump le 5 novembre 2024. Cette décision, approuvée par la juge Tanya Chutkan le 25 novembre 2024, repose sur la politique du département de la Justice qui empêche les poursuites contre un président en exercice. Les faits remontent aux événements post-électoraux de 2020 où Donald Trump est accusé d’avoir tenté d’inverser sa défaite face à Joe Biden.
Clôture des enquêtes fédérales initiées par Jack Smith
Jack Smith, nommé procureur spécial indépendant par le procureur général Merrick Garland en 2022, avait inculpé Donald Trump en juin 2023 pour sept chefs d’accusation liés à la conservation illégale de documents classifiés à sa résidence de Mar-a-Lago en Floride. Selon Le Club des Juristes, la juge Aileen Cannon a classé cette affaire le 15 juillet 2024, estimant que la nomination de Jack Smith violait la clause constitutionnelle de nomination. Dans l’affaire de l’assaut du Capitole, un grand jury avait également prononcé des inculpations fédérales contre Donald Trump pour ingérence électorale.
As reported by Le Point for its coverage on 14 janvier 2025, Jack Smith a soumis un rapport final de près de 140 pages au Congrès, affirmant que « s’il n’y avait pas eu l’élection de M. Trump et son retour imminent à la présidence, le bureau a estimé que les preuves étaient suffisantes pour obtenir et maintenir une condamnation lors d’un procès ». Ce document détaille l’enquête lancée après l’attaque du Capitole par des partisans de Donald Trump contestant l’élection de Joe Biden.
Contexte des affaires judiciaires contre Donald Trump
Les enquêtes de Jack Smith portaient sur deux volets principaux : l’insurrection du 6 janvier 2021 au Capitole, où des émeutiers ont tenté d’empêcher la certification des votes électoraux, et la rétention de documents sensibles après la fin de la présidence de Donald Trump en janvier 2021. Selon Le Monde, la Cour suprême des États-Unis avait accepté en février 2024 d’examiner la revendication d’immunité présidentielle de Donald Trump, retardant tout procès avant les élections de novembre. Jack Smith avait plaidé dans son mémoire que « ce serait un paradoxe frappant si le président […] était le seul capable de défier ces lois en toute impunité ».
Retards et décisions judiciaires clés
La Cour suprême a modifié son acte d’accusation en août 2024 pour distinguer les actes officiels des actes privés, suite à une décision antérieure sur l’immunité, comme rapporté par Le Club des Juristes. Parallèlement, l’affaire des documents classifiés a été abandonnée en juillet 2024 par la juge Aileen Cannon. Selon Le Figaro, Jack Smith a recommandé l’annulation des procédures le 25 novembre 2024, motivée par le retour imminent de Donald Trump à la Maison Blanche, une règle établie de longue date au ministère de la Justice.
Implications de la réélection de Donald Trump
La victoire de Donald Trump à l’élection présidentielle du 5 novembre 2024 a rendu impossible la tenue de tout procès fédéral avant son investiture en janvier 2025. Selon Le Point, Jack Smith a défendu son enquête dans une lettre jointe à son rapport, qualifiant de « risible » l’affirmation de Donald Trump selon laquelle ses décisions étaient influencées par l’administration Biden. Le procureur spécial a quitté le département de la Justice la semaine précédant la publication du rapport le 14 janvier 2025, comme indiqué par Le Club des Juristes.
Donald Trump avait promis pendant sa campagne de destituer Jack Smith « en deux secondes » s’il était réélu, ses avocats contestant la constitutionnalité de sa nomination, selon Le Club des Juristes. Cependant, aucun renvoi n’a été rapporté à ce stade, et les enquêtes fédérales sont closes sans condamnation. Une seule affaire pénale reste active à ce jour : celle à New York sur les paiements de 130 000 dollars à Stormy Daniels, où Donald Trump a été reconnu coupable en mai 2024, mais dont la peine est reportée, d’après Le Figaro et Le Monde.
Le rapport final de Jack Smith confirme que les preuves recueillies étaient suffisantes pour une condamnation dans l’affaire du 6 janvier 2021, mais l’élection de Donald Trump a conduit à l’abandon des poursuites fédérales conformément aux règles du département de la Justice. Les deux volumes du rapport, rendus publics par Merrick Garland le 14 janvier 2025, détaillent les enquêtes sans apporter d’éléments nouveaux majeurs, comme l’explique Le Club des Juristes. Aucune autre procédure fédérale n’est en cours contre Donald Trump pour ces faits.
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