Corée du Nord : la Chine et la Russie dans leurs premières visites post-pandémie

Une délégation russe conduite par le ministre de la Défense Sergueï Choïgou est arrivée en Corée du Nord, pour être rejointe par une délégation chinoise plus tard mercredi.

Ils assisteront aux célébrations à Pyongyang du 70e anniversaire de la fin de la guerre de Corée, marquées généralement par des défilés militaires massifs.

Ces visites sont les premières du genre dans le Nord depuis qu’il a fermé ses frontières pour tenter d’empêcher la pandémie d’entrer.

On ne sait pas si cela signale un changement dans les politiques frontalières de Pyongyang.

La Corée du Nord recluse s’était coupée de toutes relations commerciales et diplomatiques début 2020, même avec la Russie et la Chine, ses principaux partenaires économiques et politiques.

Ils ont même coupé les importations de biens essentiels comme la nourriture et les médicaments.

La Corée du Nord est confrontée à des pénuries alimentaires , aggravées par la fermeture de ses frontières et les sanctions internationales strictes imposées en raison de son programme nucléaire.

Certains analystes affirment que l’inclusion d’envoyés chinois et russes dans le défilé du “Jour de la Victoire” de cette année – comme l’armistice coréen de 1953 est appelé dans le Nord – laisse entrevoir un possible assouplissement des restrictions de Covid.

Cela survient des semaines après que des images de Nord-Coréens se promenant sans masque ont été diffusées sur les médias d’État.

La délégation russe est arrivée en Corée du Nord mardi soir et a été chaleureusement accueillie sur le tarmac d’un aéroport de Pyongyang.

M. Choïgou est passé devant une ligne de soldats saluant et une bannière rouge arborant les mots “Bienvenue, camarade ministre de la Défense de la Fédération de Russie Sergueï Choïgou !” en coréen et en russe.

La délégation chinoise sera dirigée par Li Hongzhong, qui fait partie du comité central d’élaboration des politiques du Parti communiste chinois, et arrivera mercredi, selon un porte-parole du parti.

La Chine et la Russie sont toutes deux des alliées de longue date de la Corée du Nord.

Pékin avait envoyé des troupes à l’automne 1950 pour soutenir la Corée du Nord dans la guerre contre la Corée du Sud. L’Union soviétique de l’époque a également soutenu la Corée du Nord pendant la guerre.

Depuis l’effondrement de l’URSS en 1991, la Russie est restée un allié naturel pour la Corée du Nord en raison de leur aversion mutuelle pour les États-Unis. Washington a, en fait, accusé la Corée du Nord de fournir une aide militaire à la Russie dans sa guerre en Ukraine, une affirmation que Pyongyang et Moscou nient.

La visite de M. Shoigu s’inscrit également dans le contexte de tensions géopolitiques croissantes entre les États-Unis et la Russie à propos de la guerre en Ukraine. Les liens entre Pékin et Washington sont également effilochés à cause de Taïwan.

Les États-Unis ont tenté de parler à Pyongyang après la fuite du soldat américain Travis King vers la Corée du Nord la semaine dernière.

Le soldat King, qui devait retourner aux États-Unis pour faire face à des mesures disciplinaires, s’est rendu en Corée du Nord lors d’une tournée dans la zone de sécurité conjointe (JSA), une zone de la zone démilitarisée (DMZ) qui divise la Corée du Nord et la Corée du Sud.

Le Commandement des Nations Unies, dont les États-Unis font partie, a déclaré lundi qu’un dialogue avait eu lieu avec la Corée du Nord au sujet de Pvt King, mais n’a fourni aucun détail.

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