Le président azerbaïdjanais a déclaré que la souveraineté de son pays sur le Haut-Karabakh avait été restaurée après une offensive militaire de 24 heures contre les forces d’origine arménienne.
Ilham Aliyev a salué l’héroïsme de l’armée azerbaïdjanaise quelques heures après que les forces du Karabakh ont accepté de se rendre.
Quelque 120 000 Arméniens de souche vivent dans l’enclave du Caucase du Sud, reconnue internationalement comme faisant partie de l’Azerbaïdjan.
L’Azerbaïdjan a désormais l’intention de mettre la région séparatiste sous contrôle total.
Son armée a lancé mardi une opération « antiterroriste », exigeant que les forces du Karabakh hissent un drapeau blanc et dissolvent leur « régime illégal ». Sans aucun moyen de soutien de la part de l’Arménie voisine, et après un blocus effectif de neuf mois, les Arméniens de souche ont rapidement cédé.
Les responsables du Karabakh ont déclaré qu’au moins 32 personnes avaient été tuées, dont sept civils, et 200 autres blessées.
L’armée azerbaïdjanaise a déclaré avoir capturé plus de 90 positions aux Arméniens de souche avant que les deux parties n’annoncent qu’une cessation complète des hostilités avait été convenue par l’intermédiaire des soldats de maintien de la paix russes, à partir de 13h00 heure locale (09h00 GMT) mercredi.
Aux termes de la trêve, définie par l’Azerbaïdjan et la Russie, qui dispose de soldats de maintien de la paix sur le terrain, les forces locales du Karabakh doivent s’engager à être complètement dissoutes et désarmées.
Il existe également un engagement en faveur du retrait des forces arméniennes, même si le gouvernement nie toute présence militaire sur place.
La présidence azerbaïdjanaise a déclaré que des responsables rencontreraient jeudi des représentants arméniens du Karabakh pour des entretiens sur les “questions de réintégration” dans la ville azerbaïdjanaise de Yevlakh. Le président Aliyev a déclaré que les Azerbaïdjanais n’avaient rien contre la population, seulement leur « junte criminelle ».
Yevlakh se trouve à environ 100 km (60 miles) au nord de la capitale régionale du Karabakh, Khankendi, connue sous le nom de Stepanakert par les Arméniens.
Les civils fuient vers l’aéroport
Marut Vanyan, journaliste au Karabakh, a déclaré que de nombreuses familles avaient passé la nuit de mardi dans les sous-sols : “Je n’ai pas dormi et je n’ai pas mangé. C’est calme maintenant mais c’est une sensation étrange. Pour l’instant, ce que nous devons faire, c’est arrêter cette effusion de sang et comprendre quoi faire ensuite. »
La Russie a déclaré que ses soldats de la paix avaient évacué 2 000 personnes des villages du Karabakh depuis le début de l’offensive.
À l’annonce du cessez-le-feu, les responsables du Karabakh ont appelé les habitants à rester dans les abris et à ne pas se rendre à l’aéroport local, adjacent à une base russe de maintien de la paix. Cependant, une foule de civils s’était rapidement rassemblée près de l’aéroport et, alors que la nuit tombait quelques heures plus tard, on ne savait pas exactement de quel soutien ils bénéficieraient.
Thomas de Waal, spécialiste du Caucase de Carnegie Europe, a déclaré que les termes du cessez-le-feu et des pourparlers à venir étaient tout à fait conformes aux conditions de l’Azerbaïdjan et laissaient les Arméniens de souche sans protection.
“Cela ressemble à la fin d’un projet vieux de 35 ans, certains diraient un projet vieux d’un siècle, des Arméniens du Karabakh de faire sécession de l’Azerbaïdjan”, a-t-il déclaré à la BBC.
“Nous assistons probablement, malheureusement, à un projet dans lequel les Azerbaïdjanais offrent si peu aux Arméniens du Karabakh que la plupart, sinon la totalité, partiront.”
Le Premier ministre arménien Nikol Pashinyan a clairement indiqué que son gouvernement n’était pas impliqué dans le texte de cessez-le-feu et a exigé que les soldats de maintien de la paix russes assument l’entière responsabilité de la sécurité de la population locale. Mardi, il a accusé l’Azerbaïdjan de « nettoyage ethnique » au Karabakh.
L’envoyé présidentiel azerbaïdjanais, Elchin Amirbekov, a déclaré à la BBC que les soldats de maintien de la paix russes avaient contribué à faciliter le cessez-le-feu : “Je pense qu’il faut compter sur eux pour la mise en œuvre”.
Une crise persistante
Depuis l’effondrement de l’Union soviétique, l’Arménie et son voisin ont mené deux guerres pour le Haut-Karabakh, une région montagneuse et enclavée du sud-ouest de l’Azerbaïdjan.
La guerre de six semaines en 2020 a fait plusieurs milliers de morts mais a permis à l’Azerbaïdjan, soutenu par la Turquie, de reconquérir les territoires entourant et à l’intérieur de l’enclave, laissant les Arméniens de souche isolés.
Au cours des neuf derniers mois, l’Azerbaïdjan a procédé à un blocus efficace de la seule route menant au Karabakh depuis l’Arménie, connue sous le nom de couloir de Lachin. Les Arméniens de souche de l’enclave se sont plaints du manque de nourriture, de médicaments et d’articles de toilette et l’Arménie n’a pas été en mesure de les aider.
Même si une certaine aide a été autorisée ces derniers jours , les Arméniens du Karabakh étaient très affaiblis par la pénurie au moment de l’offensive azerbaïdjanaise, avec peu d’espoir de soutien extérieur.
Quelque 2 000 soldats de maintien de la paix russes étaient censés surveiller le cessez-le-feu de 2020, mais l’intérêt de Moscou pour l’Arménie a diminué pendant la guerre en Ukraine, même si l’Arménie fait partie de l’alliance militaire russe de l’OTSC.
En mai dernier, le Premier ministre arménien aurait déclaré que son pays serait prêt à reconnaître le Karabakh comme faisant partie de l’Azerbaïdjan en échange de la sécurité de la population arménienne.
“Les 86 600 kilomètres carrés du territoire azerbaïdjanais comprennent le Haut-Karabakh”, aurait déclaré M. Pashinyan, faisant référence à l’Azerbaïdjan dans son ensemble.
La Russie est également agacée par le pivot apparent de M. Pashinyan vers l’Occident.
Plus tôt ce mois-ci, son épouse Anna Hakobyan a serré la main du président ukrainien lors d’une conférence à Kiev, et cette semaine, des dizaines de soldats arméniens et américains ont participé ensemble à des exercices militaires.
Le Kremlin a démenti les allégations arméniennes selon lesquelles il n’en aurait pas fait assez pour aider son allié.
Le président Vladimir Poutine a déclaré la semaine dernière que la Russie n’avait aucun problème avec le Premier ministre arménien, mais a ajouté : « Si l’Arménie elle-même reconnaissait que le Karabakh fait partie de l’Azerbaïdjan, que devrions-nous faire ?
Des centaines de manifestants à Erevan ont appelé mardi à la démission du Premier ministre en raison de sa gestion de la crise et il a mis en garde contre des forces non identifiées appelant à un coup d’État.Arménie-Azerbaïdjan : carte du Haut-Karabakh
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